Eclampsia in Small Animals – causes, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, management, prevention

Eclampsia is a sudden, life-threatening hypocalcemic episode in nursing dams. It occurs when there is not enough calcium to sustain milk production. In the absence of calcium, nerve fibers become highly excitable. Leading to signs such as tetany, seizures, coma, and death. Prompt response to treatment with Ca gluconate is diagnostic. Treatment is aimed at keeping serum Ca concentrations within reference range. Ca supplementation may be given to manage eclampsia during lactation, NOT during pregnancy.

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References:
Aiello SE, Moses MA, Allen DG, Constable PD, Dart A, Davies PR, Quesenberry KE, Reeves PT, Sharma JM. 2016. The Merck Veterinary Manual. 11th ed. Kenilworth, NJ, USA: Merck & Co., Inc.

Pathan MM, Siddiquee GM, Latif A, Das H, Khan JZ, Shukla MK. 2011. Eclampsia in the Dog: An overview. Veterinary World. 4 (1): 45-47.

Hypocalcemia. Osmosis.

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